What are the four conditions that must be fulfilled for a case to be heard by the court?

The answer highlights four essential conditions necessary for a court to accept a case for hearing. These conditions include standing, controversy, ripeness, and justiciability:

• Standing refers to the legal right of an individual or entity to bring a lawsuit in court. To satisfy this requirement, the party must demonstrate a sufficient connection to the harm caused by the law or action challenged, showing they have been or will be significantly affected.

• Controversy means that there must be an actual dispute between parties; courts do not entertain hypothetical cases or questions that do not require resolution. This ensures that the court is dealing with real, concrete legal issues rather than abstract questions.

• Ripeness indicates that the issues presented are ready for adjudication; the legal claims must be mature enough for a court to review. If a case is not ripe, it may be too early to consider the implications or the legality of the actions in question.

• Justiciability means that the issue must be suitable for court resolution, implying that the subject matter presented should be one that a court can legally address, avoiding cases that are inherently political or require policy decisions better suited for legislative bodies.

These four conditions help maintain the courts' focus on substantial legal challenges where judicial intervention is appropriate and necessary