Which feature allows Congress to function independently without needing the President’s approval?

Congress functions independently without requiring presidential approval due to its legislative authority, which is granted by the Constitution. This authority allows Congress to create laws, regulate commerce, levy taxes, and conduct oversight of the executive branch. The framers of the Constitution intended for Congress to have substantial power to represent the interests of the people and to check the powers of the executive branch.

This independent function is crucial for maintaining a system of checks and balances within the federal government. Although the president has the power to veto legislation, it does not diminish Congress's authority to propose and pass laws. A two-thirds majority in both the House and Senate can override a presidential veto, showcasing Congress's capacity to act independently if it garners sufficient support.

The other options do not provide direct mechanisms for congressional independence. The presidential veto is a tool for the executive branch to influence legislation, while constitutional mandates refer to requirements set by the Constitution rather than actions Congress can take independently. Judicial oversight involves the courts reviewing legislation but does not play a direct role in Congress's ability to function without the president's approval.